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In hematology, special stains are used to highlight specific cellular structures, components, or substances within blood and bone marrow samples. These stains provide additional information and aid in the identification of various cell types and abnormalities. Here are some commonly used special stains in hematology Myeloperoxidase stain The MPO stain, also known as Myeloperoxidase stain, … Read more
Clinical significance: Progesterone, a steroid hormone with a molecular weight of 314.5 daltons, progesterone is primarily synthesized in the cells of the corpus luteum and, during pregnancy, in the placenta. progesterone is barely detectable in follicular phase of menstrual cycle, a rise in the progesterone level is observed one day prior to ovulation . Functions … Read more
Introduction : Sickle cell disease is an inherited hemoglobin disorder caused by a mutation in the sixth amino acid of the beta globin chain gene . The molecular change in sickle cell disease (SCD) is base substitution of valine for glutamate in the sixth position of beta globulin gene leading to production of abnormal hemoglobin S. HbS is … Read more
Clinical significance: Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in body and mineralization of bones. 25hydroxy vitamin D is major storage form of vitamin D in human body .25 hydroxy vitamin D is metabolized in kidney to its active form 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25-OHD). Vitamin D deficiency in adults results in chronic muscle pain, … Read more
Reference: Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics,8th edition. Deriving and establishing reference ranges specific to a particular laboratory’s patient population is recommended in clinical laboratory medicine. Creatinine is a waste product generated by muscle metabolism and excreted by the kidneys. Blood creatinine levels are often used as a measure of kidney function. Purpose … Read more
The Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain is a histological staining technique used to detect carbohydrates and glycogen in tissue sections. It is based on the reaction between periodic acid and carbohydrates, followed by the reaction with Schiff’s reagent. This results in the formation of a bright pink to magenta-colored complex that highlights the presence of carbohydrates. … Read more
Dr.patel what are urinary casts? Urinary casts refers to cylindrical or tube-like structures found in the urine upon microscopic examination.These casts are composed of various substances, including proteins, cells, cellular debris, and other materials that are present within the renal tubules. Casts are the only formed elements in urine that have kidney as their sole … Read more
The presence of pus cells in the urine, also known as pyuria, is a sign of infection and inflammation in the urogenital system. Pus cells refers to presence of leukocytes in urine .It is produced by the body’s immune system to fight infection. A normal urine sample will have 0 – 5 WBC’s per HPF. Women … Read more
Introduction The nitrite test in urine is a quick, cost-effective, and indirect method used to detect significant bacteriuria. This test provides a valuable and relatively efficient way to screen for the presence of bacteria in the urinary tract, which can indicate a potential urinary tract infection (UTI) , specifically those caused by Nitrate reducing bacteria. … Read more
Urine leukocyte esterase also known as WBC esterase is a component of urine analysis indicating presence of leukocytes in urine . Presence of leukocytes in urine is a sign of Urinary tract infection or inflammation. Neutrophils (pus cells) are the most common type of leukocyte present in UTI As neutrophils and other leukocytes are prone … Read more